Canada has a two-tiered immigration system that offers programs for skilled workers at both the federal and provincial levels under shared administration between Ottawa and the provinces.
Nearly all of Canada's 10 provinces and three territories have access to a network of Nominee Programs (PNP), which allows them to nominate skilled worker candidates for immigration to Canada who possess the specialized talents needed by their respective local economies. Successful candidates who acquire a provincial or territory nomination can next apply to the federal immigration authorities for permanent residency in Canada. Each provincial program must include this as a crucial element.
Additionally, many provinces operate their own Canada Express Entry categories. As a result, the provinces have a bigger part in deciding who gets to immigrate for work reasons.
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Candidates who don't meet the requirements for
one of the federal programs occasionally meet the requirements for entry to
Canada under a PNP. In the meanwhile, some applicants might also be eligible
for a temporary work permit, which would authorize early admission into Canada
for the applicant and any accompanying dependents.
Processing delays are a problem for many of
the big provincial programs. Potential new immigrants show a great deal of
interest in Canada, greatly exceeding the capacity of the immigration programs.
The Canada Express Entry
system has been effective in reducing processing delays, and many provinces now
choose to open and close their popular streams on a regular basis throughout
the year in order to prevent significant backlogs.
The significance of sponsoring employers
Candidates are suggested by a potential
employer and, when the province approves them, are subject to an expedited
process under various provincial programs. While their applications for
permanent residency are being processed, initial applicants may be granted
short-term, renewable work permits to enter Canada.
With the exception of Quebec, Saskatchewan,
and Manitoba, the skilled worker-based provincial programs often require a
business to sponsor the candidate for admission to Canada. The application will
either not be granted or will frequently be passed over in favour of
applications with an employer-sponsored approval if it does not have
government-authorized employer sponsorship.
Under the majority of provincial programs, sponsoring
employers are required to show that they have made appropriate efforts to hire
local Canadians and to provide competitive terms and conditions of employment
that are pertinent to a particular occupation. The requirements for employment
to qualify to sponsor a foreign worker to differ amongst provinces.
The position being filled must normally fulfil the
requirements of a National Occupation Classification (NOC) skill type 0 or
level A, B; alternatively, it must satisfy the requirements of a specific pilot
project created to address a particularly critical skill shortage identified by
the province.
Pilot programs are small-scale and targeted at low-skilled
individuals within the provinces. Variations of pilot projects for low-skilled
vocations are present in the majority of the provinces.
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